Higher Education Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone

Higher Education Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone All About Higher Education Essay Topics If you must choose the subject of your essay about education, you have arrived at the correct location. If you're clueless as to the best way to begin an essay or whether you need suggestions regarding topics, our sample essay education can be of some assistance to you. You might be able to compose a quick essay on education. All things considered, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Speaking about the value of education isn't the only choice for writing papers on higher education. Some people think that university graduates should pay the complete price of their education. A teacher's profession is a perfect profession. Student's attitude and behavior can definitely impact the way they learn in school. Even in the event the individual has a level, it won't ensure her or him safe profession unless he or she has developed their character. Furthermore, school isn't always happening in the classroom. Modern-day classrooms do not offer enough facilities to deal with the examination. These days, it's easy for the majority of the students to have accessibility to higher education. School tests aren't effective. Normally, having three big arguments to demonstrate your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. Despite the fact that you favor the professionals of technology, you've got to figure out several positive arguments. Please be sure you separate the 2 questions, so that I am able to know the difference between them. Don't hesitate to use several sources the question. The Secret to Higher Education Essay Topics Please sure that you determine the Discussion Questions. Since you may see, finding an appropriate topic is not quite as simple as it might appear. Picking a simple topic may prove to be an incorrect track since you may have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. Deciding upo n the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. Education is a tool in society that has come to be an extremely crucial portion of our lives. So, it is a necessary means of eradicating the unemployment problem. Higher education is the secret to new worlds. A greater education can make more opportunities for people. Although computers appear to be in fantastic demand in higher post-secondary education systems, we're also slowly starting to see younger children being exposed to technology too. Families will need to work out a survival plan in the event of financial troubles. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. You must add valuable info on your chosen education-related subject, and it will raise the understanding of the readers. Topics might be associated with the variety of contradictory issues which depend on the topic and field of interest. Your subject might be easy or complicated. Exactly like an argumentative essay, a persuasive paper demands a nice degree of expertise and knowledge of a particular field. A persuasive essay is a powerful tool when you will need to supply a new vision of a specific topic for the reader. Without any kind of language, an individual can't achieve success in the education. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. School should happen in the evenings. Education plays an essential part in shaping successful folks. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Earning Diploma of Higher Education implies receiving valuable wisdom and expertise that may be helpful in the upcoming career. Year round school isn't a good idea. Video games may come in enhanced career. Lessons ought to be shortened. Parent classes are essential for parents who need to adopt.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1453 Words

Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, certain characters help influence the development of Huck’s morality immensely. For instance, Jim gave Huck a sense of loyalty and respect, Meanwhile Huck’s father and the con men Huck encountered allowed him to see how not to treat others and what not to value. With all these influences weighing on Huck, he was able to progressively learn how to choose between the rights and wrongs amongst the decisions made by himself and others around him. Huck’s moral development as a character is mostly credited to himself in learning how to analyze situations and people in his life and deciding whether or not they keep strong values and morality. Throughout the beginning of the story, Huck is depicted as one who is very naive yet very frustrated with the world. For a long time, Huck goes with the flow and just takes what is given to him. That being expected though, for he is a child. As a victim of abuse and lack of education, Huck struggles to understand the world around him. He s not too comprehensive on how awful his father s actions are and why the widow doesn t want Huck to be in the man s care. Huck doesn t understand why he should conform to society and religion either. Through all this confusion though, Huck manages to develop a sense of courage and self respect. He does so by realizing he deserves better than his options, i.e., live with the widow and practice a strict and conservative lifestyle, or live withShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy o ver the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Reflection Education and Experiences

Question: Write about theReflectionfor Education and Experiences. Answer: Introduction Becoming a professional continues to be a lifelong process of evolutionary learning. Reflection provides an important link in distinguishing various learning experiences which assist practitioners in making sense of their education and experiences in the working place. The practice of reflection, therefore, refers to the method in which an individual engages in reflection. It is affirmed that the process involves an individual to go through a dynamic cycle about ones experience where you move between reflections from the learning and experiences that has or had occurred. Therefore, we can say that reflection is a process that is tightly controlled and involves a thought process which is based on a firm basis of rationality and evidence. (Currie, Wheat, 2013) Reflection during clinical practice is vital if a student is yearning to learn from the experience. (Chapman, Dempsey, Warren-Forward, 2012) As a medical radiation science (MRS) student, I have learned various medical imaging techniques that are key components in the management and support of patients in the clinical setting. One example of such a technique is the digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) that is essential for referring health care practitioners. Like all other medical imaging methods, I believe that this DITI is useful in various specific applications and significant in providing results for certain injuries and conditions. I believe this technique will help in my professional career because currently there exists a drive to improve support for clients at home and in the community by enhancing the primary and preventive care services for them. This technique will provide successful and appropriate support for the clinical colleagues that will help avoid unnecessary referrals to secondary care. During my clinical practice, I have come to believe that a well-established early diagnosis is fundamental to the management of such clients suffering from conditions that need clinical imaging services. Therefore, DITI is an adjunctive medical imaging technique that has proved to provide a justification for the subsequent investigations and procedures hence this knowledge will enable me to become a better (MRS) practitioner. (Currie, 2014) Learning helps us build our self-confidence and self-efficacy. It is a core need for an individuals wellbeing. (Currie, Wheat, 2013) During my study, I have learned that I attend to information most effectively when I see something like a picture, diagram, and film and demonstrations hence making me a visual learner. The learning style works best for me since I tend to remember what I have seen rather than what I hear, recall diagrams and pictures, prefer to write and read than to listen and I usually have trouble remembering instructions that are given verbally. These characteristics prove to me that I am more of a visual learner than an auditory and kinesthetic learner. In my studies, I have developed some strategies such as case studies and problem-based learning. This has worked well since they have boosted my knowledge related to my course. Case studies have incorporated scenarios that apply study concepts that are learned in class and applying them in a real-life situation. As a visual learner, the guiding questions presented in case studies normally leads me through the various activities hence distinguishing between facts and assumptions. The problem-based activities usually enable me in solving problems, decision-making and in the development of critical thinking skills that encourage critical reflection which will be useful in real life situations. Present cognitive theories of learning stress the importance role of students application of thought processes in learning. (Lingenfelter, 2012) Personally, in my study lessons, I have learned the need to be mentally active in information processing if any learning is to occur. A new strategy that I believe will help me in learning is the use of representational imagery to enhance my memory and comprehension. I believe this will work because it has been proven by numerous research studies to be of much benefit when applied. It can be used for remembering facts where young students can also be taught to generate their imagery hence enhancing memory for their sentences. Learning will be enhanced since the strategy involves two steps. One is where you read the information to be remembered, and the other is making a picture of that information in your head. This images will contain important concepts that will show the relationships between different concepts hence remembrance. (Topham, 2014) This technique is vital in my course as an MRS student in that it will enhance my performance and project based learning activities as a visual learner hence allowing me to show what I know in more depth and authenticity. This method will also enable me to perform better on my tests and help retain information long after I have read it. Conclusion Reflection is seen to be a phase in learning where individuals recapture their thoughts on their experiences, mull over and evaluate their learning based firmly on an intentionally controlled activity. It can be concluded that a learner can look at their individual experiences and reflect on them. We can, therefore, consider the affective aspects seen in learning to be essential in the reflective elements where both the positive feelings connected with the negative emotions can possess a great impact on the individuals learning, therefore, encouraging them to continue reflecting and learning. References Chapman, N., Dempsey, S., Warren-Forward, H. (2012). Theory of reflection in learning for radiation therapists. Journal Of Medical Radiation Sciences, 55(2), 34-37.doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-3909.2008.tb00085.x Currie, G. (2014). Impact Factors in Medical Radiation Science Journals. Journal Of Medical Imaging And Radiation Sciences, 45(2), 70-71.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2014.06.001 Currie, G., Wheat, J. (2013). The first year clinical placement for undergraduate medical radiation science students: tool or toil?. Journal Of Medical Radiation Sciences, 52(2), 18-22.doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-3909.2005.tb00032.x Lingenfelter, M. (2012). A Student's Reflection on Her First Clinical Practicum. Journal Of Medical Imaging And Radiation Sciences, 39(1), 45-46.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2008.01.005 Topham, C. (2014). Advanced Medical Radiation Technologist Practice and the Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists: History and Perspective. Journal Of Medical Imaging And Radiation Sciences, 45(4), 348-351.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2014.10.001

Nursing Pioneers Compare and Contrast free essay sample

The biggest factor that all three of these women have in common is their role as pioneers in public health nursing. Their unselfish devotion to humanity served each of them as a fueling factor toward that end. This devotion can be seen by all three of their marital histories. Florence Nightingale never married a man, but instead her career as it was her belief that this was an imperative quality in an effective nurse. Mary Breckinridge married twice and had two children. These children unfortunately passed away in the first six hours of life and at the age of four respectively. After her second marriage culminated in divorce, Breckinridge devoted herself to her career centered about the care of mothers and their newborn infants. Lillian Wald, similarly to Nightingale, never married, but instead devoted all of her being toward her career and philanthropy. Each of these ladies also played crucial roles in starting different schools of nursing: Nightingale with the first formal, professional training program in nursing, Wald in the foundation of Columbia’s school of nursing, and Breckinridge with her school of nursing midwifery. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Pioneers Compare and Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These women were also authors and wrote memoirs/books about their nursing experience and what it meant to them. Finally, all three of these nurses came from families that were well off and able to live comfortably, but they chose to use their money and influence to give back to the community by means of public health nursing. These women also contributed a little bit differently to the field of nursing as individuals. Florence Nightingale pioneered the sanitation of hospitals, promoted hygiene, and more diligent hospital administration. Her school’s original mission was to train nurses how to work in hospitals, work with the poor, and to educate patients. The prime of Nightingale’s life was a little bit earlier than Wald’s or Breckinridge’s as she was born fifty and sixty years prior to the latter two ladies. In many ways, Florence Nightingale provided the pathway for nurses such as Wald and Breckinridge to become pioneers in their own right. Lillian Wald was well known for her social work with orphaned children and destitute, immigrant families in the Lower East Side in Manhattan. She founded the Henry Street Settlement there and actually coined the term ‘public health nursing. ’ Wald is also credited with being the founder of visiting nursing in North America. Mary Breckinridge was well known for her founding of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS). This service started family care centers throughout the rural parts of Kentucky into the Appalachian mountains. Her children’s deaths, combined with her experiences with midwives in France and Britain, inspired her to rise up to the calling of a caregiver for rural mothers and babies in the United States. She began training as a midwife, was eventually certified, and upon her return to the US, she began the FNS to target that population in need of care.

Levels and Scales of Measurement in Statistics

Levels and Scales of Measurement in Statistics Level of measurement refers to the particular way that a variable is measured within scientific research, and  scale of measurement refers to the particular tool that a researcher uses to sort the data in an organized way, depending on the level of measurement that they have selected. Choosing the level and scale of measurement are  important parts of the research design process  because they are necessary for systematized measuring and categorizing of data, and thus for analyzing it and drawing conclusions from it as well that are considered valid. Within science, there are four commonly used levels and scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. These were developed by  psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens, who wrote about them in a 1946 article in  Science, titled On the Theory of Scales of Measurement. Each level of measurement and its corresponding scale is able to measure one or more of the four properties of measurement, which include identity, magnitude, equal intervals, and a minimum value of zero. There is a hierarchy of these different levels of measurement. With the lower levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal), assumptions are typically less restrictive and data analyses are less sensitive. At each level of the hierarchy, the current level includes all the qualities of the one below it in addition to something new. In general, it is desirable to have higher levels of measurement (interval or ratio) rather than a lower one. Let’s examine each level of measurement and its corresponding scale in order from lowest to highest in the hierarchy. The Nominal Level and Scale A nominal scale is used to name the categories within the variables you use in your research. This kind of scale provides no ranking or ordering of values; it simply provides a name for each category within a variable so that you can track them among your data. Which is to say, it satisfies the measurement of identity, and identity alone. Common examples within sociology include the nominal tracking of  sex (male or female),  race  (white, Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, etc.),  and class  (poor, working class, middle class, upper class). Of course, there are many other variables one can measure on a nominal scale. The nominal level of measurement is also known as a categorical measure  and is considered qualitative in nature. When doing statistical research and using this level of measurement, one would use the mode, or the most commonly occurring value, as a  measure of central tendency. The Ordinal Level and Scale Ordinal scales are used when a researcher wants to measure something that is not easily quantified, like feelings or opinions. Within such a scale the different values for a variable are progressively ordered, which is what makes the scale useful and informative. It satisfies both the properties of identity and of magnitude. However, it is important to note that as such a scale is not quantifiable- the precise differences between the variable categories are unknowable. Within sociology, ordinal scales are commonly used to measure peoples views and opinions on social issues,  like racism  and sexism, or how important certain issues are to them in the context of a political election. For example, if a researcher wants to measure the extent to which a population believes that racism is a problem, they could ask a question like How big a problem is racism in our society today? and provide the following response options: its a big problem, it is somewhat a problem, it is a small problem, and racism is not a problem. When using this level and scale of measurement, it is the median which denotes central tendency. The Interval Level and Scale Unlike nominal and ordinal scales, an interval scale is a numeric one that allows for ordering of variables  and provides a precise, quantifiable understanding of the differences between them (the intervals between them). This means that it satisfies the three properties of identity, magnitude,  and  equal intervals. Age is a common variable that sociologists track using an interval scale, like 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. One can also turn non-interval, ordered variable categories into an interval scale to aid  statistical analysis. For example,  it is common to measure income as a range, like $0-$9,999; $10,000-$19,999; $20,000-$29,000, and so on. These ranges can be turned into intervals that reflect the increasing level of income, by using 1 to signal the lowest category, 2 the next, then 3, etc. Interval scales are especially useful because they not only allow for measuring the frequency and percentage of variable categories within our data, they also allow us to calculate the  mean, in addition to the median, mode. Importantly, with the interval level of measurement, one can also calculate  the standard deviation. The Ratio Level and Scale The ratio scale of measurement is nearly the same as the interval scale, however, it differs in that it has an absolute value of zero, and so it is the only scale that satisfies all four properties of measurement. A sociologist would use a ratio scale to measure actual earned income in a given year, not divided into categorical ranges, but ranging from $0 upward. Anything that can be measured from absolute zero can be measured with a ratio scale, like for example the number of children a person has, the  number of elections a person has voted in, or the  number of friends who are of a race different from the respondent. One can run all the statistical operations as can be done with the interval scale, and even more with the ratio scale. In fact, it is so called because one can create ratios and fractions from the data when one uses a ratio level of measurement and scale. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Understanding Different Learning Styles in the Workplace

Understanding Different Learning Styles in the Workplace Thanks to Ron Gross for sharing this piece from his book Peak Learning: How to Create Your Own Lifelong Education Program for Personal Enlightenment and Professional Success. In the world of work, there is widening recognition of the need to capitalize on different learning styles within organizations. According to Dudley Lynch, in Your High Performance Business Brain, we can use this powerful new way of understanding people to design better organizations, ... do a more effective and productive job of hiring and placing people, and to frame our management messages so that they can penetrate the natural filters of the mind. That means you should be able to measure how well your learning style fits the tasks that compose your present job. You should also be able to recognize the styles of others, which will make for better communications. Understanding Your Style In a workshop, we illustrate this by forming a hemispheric circle. All the participants seat themselves in a semicircle so that each persons position reflects his or her degree of preference for either the stringer or the grouper style of learning. Those on the left side of the semicircle prefer to learn in a step-by-step, analytical, systematic way. Those on the right prefer a holistic, top-down, big-picture approach. Then, we talk about how these two kinds of people can best explain things to each other or convey new information. Hold on, now, one of the left-side folks will say. Id really prefer it if you could start out by giving me some basic examples of what youre talking about. You seem to be all over the map instead of starting with first things first. But the next minute someone from the right side will complain, Hey, I cant see the forest for all those trees youre throwing at me. Could we wrench ourselves up out of the details and get an overview of the subject? Whats the point? Where are we headed? Often partnerships are profitably forged out of two individuals who complement each others styles. In my workshops, we often see two people who work closely together take seats on opposite ends of the hemispheric circle. In one case, a couple in the fashion business found themselves in those places. It turned out that one of them was the idea person and the other, the financial wizard. Together they made a dynamic duo indeed. Teamwork Creating teams to work together or to solve problems is an important area in which an awareness of styles can assure greater success. Some highly technical problems call for team members who all share the same way of processing information, seeking new facts, interpreting evidence, and coming to conclusions. A narrow fact-finding or problem-solving assignment, such as determining how to expedite the passage of orders through the billing department, might be such a situation. In other situations, however, your success may depend on having the right mix of styles. You may need one or two people who take the top-down, broad view together with others who like to work systematically and logically. Creating a plan for the next years activities would be a task that could benefit from this mix of approaches. Recognizing Relationships With Superiors Another area in which styles of learning and thinking can crucially affect the success of individuals or organizations is boss-employee relations. This typical situation occurs every day in business and industry: a supervisor will complain that a new worker cant seem to learn a routine task. When the suggestion is made that the newcomer might learn it if shown it move by move, the supervisor - clearly a grouper rather than a stringer - expresses dismay, exclaiming, I never give instructions that way. It would be insulting and patronizing - anyone can pick it up if they really want to. Such conflict based on differences in style can extend right up to the executive suite. In their book, Type Talk, management consultants Otto Kroeger and Janet Thuesen tell how they helped straighten out troubled organizations by analyzing the disparities among the styles of the managers and executives involved. They even suggest developing a version of the organization chart in which each of the key individuals is identified not by his or her title, but by his or her learning style! Source Gross, Ronald. Peak Learning: How to Create Your Own Lifelong Education Program for Personal Enlightenment and Professional Success. Revised, Subsequent edition, TarcherPerigee, April 5, 1999.

Six Principles by Morgenthau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Six Principles by Morgenthau - Essay Example Morgenthau’s work â€Å"Principles of Political Realism: A Masculine Perspective?† gives six philosophic concepts of modern realism in the world, which include the importance of objectivity or rationality of decisions and interest defined in terms of power that brings rational order into politics, which is void of any emotions. The principles also describe power as an objective category that is universally legitimate, not without a fixed meaning assigned to it, and recognizes the tension that can be felt between the moral command and what may be required for a viable and triumphant political action. Morgenthau argues there are moral laws that preside over the world but being self-centred saves human beings from the excesses of morals and political idiocy. According to Tickner, the argument by Morgenthau is just a small argument of the description of international politics as it is based on assumption of the nature of human beings that are skewed towards a male point of view. Therefore as a feminist, Tickner argues that it is difficult to find a common and objective foundation for knowledge and that knowledge is only constructed socially. Consequently, the author castoffs the disagreement that supports self-sufficiency of the social sphere, arguing that personal is political. As a feminist reformulation of Morgenthau’s work, Tickner argues that there should be a dynamic objectivity that offers a more connected view of objectivity with less chance for domination and national interest is defined contextually and multi-dimensionally (Art and Jervis 22-34). Power that is in the world should not be fused with a meaning that is universally accepted and all political actions must bear moral significances. Tickner proposes that common moral elements inherent in the aspirations of human beings should be put into place in solving international conflicts and build an international community. Question Two Globalization has come with different impacts on developing nations due to the increased reliance on market driven economy currently present in the world coupled with renewed growth of private capital and other resources. The World Bank through its structural adjustment programs and other international organizations has also played role spreading globalization in developing countries. Globalization has come with it several opportunities to the developing countries as they are now able to access the markets in the developed nations plus the advantage of transfers in technology that is translated into improved productivity and living standards. However, globalization has also brought with it challenges like the increase in inequality amongst citizens in a nation, volatility in the financial markets and environmental concerns such as degradation and deterioration of the environment. Globalization may also not benefit developing countries as most of them are always removed from the process of globalizing their markets either through barriers such as trade barriers. In India, globalization has had the effect of intensifying interdependence and competition between it and other markets within the world. The increased trade in goods and services as well as services and the movement of capital can show the interdependence from one market to the other. The result of this is that domestic economic developments in the economy are not only determined by domestic policies and market conditions but also international policies. The effect of this is that most developing nations including India lose their domestic policy-making autonomy, as the policies they make must be in consonance with

Maritime Budgets Struggle Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Maritime Budgets Struggle - Article Example The implied hypothesis is that the decisions taken by the administration regarding maritime budgets in the FY 2011 budget are against the maritime industry in America and insensitive to homeland security. However, it does not throw any light on the performance of the maritime agencies in America. The hypothesis of the author appears to be skewed since it does not mention whether the budget cuts are uniform throughout various programs or specifically maritime agencies have been targeted. Also, the article glorifies the budget cuts and discounts the increase in spending on maritime agencies and programs by phrases like ‘aging academy, and ‘â€Å"difficult tradeoffs† between men and women and machine’ (Bondareff, 2010) The article does not answer the question regarding the impact of the budget cuts on maritime agencies and programs. The central argument of the article is that allocations in FY 2011 budget, to maritime agencies is reduced to make up for the budget deficit. Though it mentions the programs which have been denied funding in the FY 2011 budget, the article does not mention the importance/contribution of those programs to the maritime industry in particular and country in general. It does not mention the progress in the programs from the previous funding; is it the case that the programs were running excellently and now their growth would be stunted due to decreased funding or since the programs were not performing up to the expectations so the funding is decreased. The study undertaken is useful in a limited way in the sense that although it highlights the budgetary decisions of the administration regarding maritime agencies and programs, it does not throw any light on the implications of these decisions and the justifications given by administration for taking such decisions. The study appears to be a collection of

Define Motivation, Explain How the Expectancy Theory Works Essay Example for Free

Define Motivation, Explain How the Expectancy Theory Works Essay TEMPLATE FOR SUMMARISING AND EVALUATING ARTICLES FROM SCHOLARLY JOURNALS Title and Article Reference| Robert G. Isaac, Wilfred J. Zerbe and Douglas C. Pitt(Summer 2001) Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory, Journal of Managerial Issues , Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 212-226| Aim / Purpose of article| In this article, we discuss the application of a motivational model that provides a practical tool for individuals wishing to assume leadership roles. This model, namely expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964; Porter and Lawler, 1968), suggests that individuals, acting through self-interest, adopt courses of action perceived as maximizing the probability of desirable outcomes for themselves. This desire to maximize self-interest provides aspiring leaders with unique opportunities to assume leadership roles by simultaneously meeting both follower needs and organizational requirements| Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis| Article was only theoretical. No empirical evidence offered| Findings/Interpretations reported in the article| Leadership is hard work because it means stepping forward and taking the time to motivate each follower on a personal basis, according to the principles of the model of expectancy theory.| Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic| This article also contains solid information which outlines that the expectancy theory is used by leadership to motivate their employee’s by meeting their expectation which then inspires them to perform their task highly.| Strengths of the article| Well researched with strong background in the exploration prior of research| Weaknesses of the a rticle| No weakness indicated as the expectancy theory has proven to be vital for leadership and management.| Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment| â€Å"V. H. Vroom (1964) suggested that people consciously choose particular courses of action, based upon perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs, as a consequence of their desires to enhance pleasure and avoid pain†. (Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory) Summer 2001 p 214| Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment| â€Å"In essence, the model suggests that the individual feels motivated when three conditions are perceived†1. The personal expenditure of effort will result in an acceptable level of performance. 2. The performance level achieved will result in a specific out-come for the person3.The outcome attained is personally valuedSummer 2001 p 215|

Summary of The First Day :: Battle of Shiloh War History Essays

Summary of The First Day With the loss of Forts Henry and Donelson in February, General Johnston withdrew his Confederate forces into west Tennessee, northern Mississippi and Alabama to reorganize. In early March, General Halleck responded by ordering General Grant to move his Union Army of West Tennessee on an invasion up the Tennessee River. Occupying Pittsburg Landing, Grant had no thought of a Confederate attack. Halleck's instructions were that following the arrival of General Buell's Army of the Ohio from Nashville, Grant would move south in a joint offensive to seize the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, the Confederacy's only east-west all weather supply route that linked the lower Mississippi Valley to cities on the Confederacy's east coast. Assisted by General Beauregard, Johnston shifted his forces and placed almost 55,000 men around Corinth. Strategically located where the Memphis & Charleston crossed the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, Corinth was the western Confederacy's most important rail junction. On April 3, realizing Buell would soon reinforce Grant, Johnston launched an offensive with his Army of the Mississippi. Moving upon Pittsburg Landing with 43,938 men, Johnston planned to surprise Grant, cut his army off from retreat to the Tennessee River, and drive the Federals west into the swamps of Owl Creek. In the light of dawn, April 6, a small Federal reconnaissance discovered Johnston's army deployed for battle astride the Corinth road, just a mile beyond the forward Federal camps. Storming forward, the Confederates found the Federal position unfortified. By mid-morning, the Confederates seemed within easy reach of victory, overrunning one frontline Union division and capturing its camp. However, stiff resistance on the Federal right entangled Johnston's brigades in a savage fight around Shiloh Church. Throughout the day, Johnston's army hammered the Federal right, which gave ground but did not break. Meanwhile, Johnston's attack stalled in front of Sarah Bell's peach orchard and the dense oak thicket labeled the "hornet's nest" by the Confederates. Grant's left flank withstood Confederate assaults for seven crucial hours before being forced to yield ground in the late afternoon. Despite inflicting heavy casualties and seizing ground, the Confederates only drove Grant towards the river, instead of away from it. The Federal survivors established a solid front before Pittsburg Landing and stopped the last Confederate charge as dusk ended the first day of fighting. The Second Day April 7, 1862 Shiloh's first day of slaughter also witnessed the death of the Confederate leader, General Johnston, who fell at mid-afternoon, struck down by a stray bulle.

Identify Determinants Of Stress Education Essay

The aim of this survey is to place determiners of emphasis among primary and secondary school instructors in Malaysia. There are five independent variables in this survey which are instructors ‘ work load, pupil behaviour, professional acknowledgment, hapless schoolroom resources, and hapless co-worker dealingss. These independent variables are used to prove the dependant variable, which is the instructors emphasis. Survey method is to be used in this survey to roll up informations and convenience sampling is the chosen sampling technique. This survey will be conducted by administering a entire figure of 240 study questionnaires to primary and secondary school instructors in the province of Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor. After aggregation informations from the questionnaires being distributed, the informations will be key-in and analyzed by utilizing Statistical Analysis System ( SAS ) . The illative statistics which includes Pearson ‘s Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis will be used to look into the correlativity coefficient and relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Apart from that, the consequences generated will be presented by utilizing descriptive statistics. Consequences and deductions will be farther discussed in this survey.Chapter 1Introduction1.1 Background of StudyDuring late 90s, the instruction profession is considered as a baronial occupation and it ‘s really rarely reported as nerve-racking profession. However, in these recent old ages, the instruction profession has been viewed as one of the most nerve-racking profession compared to other professions ( Ravichandran & A ; Rajendran, 2007 ) . There was a survey has been conducted among school instructors in United Kingdom, it was reported that two out of five instructors experienced emphasis compared to other businesss. The consequence besides indicates that merely one out of five workers experienced emphasis in other businesss compared to instructors ( Abdul Hadi, Naing Daud, Nordin & A ; Sulong, 2009 ) . In other survey, Atan ( 1998 ) found out that 39.7 % of the instructors were merely reasonably nerve-racking and merely 3 % of them was highly nerve-racking. In order to understand instructor ‘s function in the Education System, the doctrine of instruction should be referred. The Education System in Malaysia is based on the doctrine of instruction which aims to determine a balanced person in footings of religious, emotional, rational and physical. Making a Malaysia Society who is moral, responsible and able to lend to the harmoniousness and prosperity of society and the province is the philosophical end of instruction ( Noran, 1990 ) . Teachers are those persons who contribute to a individual ‘s development in footings of personality, mental and physical ( Noran, 1990 ) . Teachers who experiences high degree of emphasis might confront assorted effects such as low public presentation, hapless committedness, low motive and hapless quality of learning. In twelvemonth 2011, there was a study conducted in Great Britain by Health and Safety Executive through their Labor Force Survey ( LFS ) to happen out the figure of work-related unwellness due to emphasize among working people for the twelvemonth 2010/2011. The consequences showed that the entire figure of instances of emphasis in twelvemonth 2010/2011 was 400,000 out of the 1,152,000. The study besides stated that the wellness and societal service directors, instructors and societal public assistance associate professionals are those businesss with the highest rates of entire work-related emphasis in the last three old ages ( Health and Safety Executive, 2011 ) .1.2 Problem StatementPresents, going a instructor is a nerve-racking business and higher emphasis degree among instructors will impact their pub lic presentation, wellness and occupation satisfaction ( Liu, Zhou and Zeng, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Figen Eres and Tatjana Atanasoska ( 2011 ) , instructors had the highest degree of occupational emphasis compared to other professions, such as applied scientists, physicians and others. Because of this effect, instructors are ever experiencing disappointed, burnout, and insomnia. Besides, they are more likely to vacate because of high emphasis degree on their occupation ( Nelson, J. R. , Maculan, A. , Roberts, M. L. and Ohlund, B. J. , 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Scheib ( 2003 ) , he has determined the six factors associating with emphasis among music instructors from Lakeview Glen High School, which are function struggle, function ambiguity, function overload, skill underutilized, missing of resources, and non-participation. Besides, there is another past survey explained that quality of life can besides attributable to higher emphasis degree ( Yang X.et Al, 2009 ) . However, the past surveies are merely carried out in other states instead than in Malaysia, such as in China ( Zhang & A ; Zhu, 2007 ) and United State American ( Sharon Conley & A ; Sherry A. Woosley, 2000 ) . There is shortcoming of information about factors of instructor emphasis that experienced in Malaysia. Besides, past research workers are more focussed on simple school ( D. Laugaa, N. Rascle, M. Bruchon-Schweitzer, 2008 ) and high school ( Liu, Zhou and Zeng, 2010 ) . Therefore, there is unequal information on emphasis factors among school instructors that experienced in Malaysia.1.3 Research Objectives and QuestionsGeneral Aims:The chief aim of the survey is to find the factors associating with instructors ‘ emphasis.General Question:What are the factors associated with instructors ‘ emphasis? Specific Aims: To look into the relationship between instructors ‘ work load and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between pupils behaviour and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between deficiency of professional acknowledgment and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between hapless co-worker relation and instructors ‘ emphasis. To look into the relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors ‘ emphasis. Specific Questions: Is there a relationship between instructors ‘ work load and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between pupil behavior and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between deficiency of professional acknowledgment and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between hapless co-worker relation and instructors ‘ emphasis? Is there a relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors ‘ emphasis?1.4 Significance of surveyThe survey provides a practical part as the consequence of this survey would supply a new information and information which can be used by educational decision makers to pull off the emphasis among instructors at primary and secondary instruction. Educational decision makers can place what do emphasis among school instructors and actuate them by fulfilling their demands. This survey besides contributes towards developing and bettering educational policy which may cut down the emphasis degree among primary and secondary school instructors.1.5 Outline of surveyChapter 1 provides an overview of the primary and secondary instruction in Malaysia. The chief purpose of the survey is to place the factors of emphasis among school instructors. It later derives the job statement, significance of survey, research aims and lineation of survey. Chapter 2 reappraisal surveies on e mphasis in the primary and secondary instruction antecedently conducted by past research workers. The dependant and independent variable used in this research were derived from the literature reappraisal and relationship between them will be discussed farther in this chapter. Chapter 3 discusses the targeted population, questionnaire development, informations aggregation and informations analysis method.Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Theoretical FoundationLazarus Theory was most normally used in past surveies to research and understand about the emphasis ( Goh & A ; Oei, 1999 ) . This theory was introduced by Richard Lazarus in the twelvemonth 1966. Harmonizing to Lazarus Theory, psychological emphasis is viewed as a relationship or interaction between the persons and their nerve-racking environment that appraised as important for his or her well-being ( J. Gaaba, 2005 ) . There are two constructs in Lazarus Theory viz. cognitive assessment and header ( Lazarus, 2006 ) . Cognitive assessment is an rating of the significance of a stressor or endangering event as it related to an person ‘s wellbeing ( Andrea & A ; Robert, 2003 ) It consists of two types of assessment, which are primary and secondary assessments ( Zautra, 2006 ) . Primary assessment describes an person ‘s assessment of whether a state of affairs is irrelevant, nerve-racking or benign positive. If a state of affairs is appraised as irrelevant, the emphasis will non happen. Furthermore, it will heighten positive emotions if a state of affairs is appraised as benign positive. However, if a state of affairs is appraised as stressful, it can be classified as injury, menace and challenge ( Howard S.Friedman & A ; Roxane Cohen Silver, 2007 ) . Harm refers as existent harm or loss that has already happened. Menace is the awaited injury but non yet taken topographic point and challenge is viewed as a potency for personal addition or growing ( Pamela, Sheldon, Natalie, Stephen, 2004 ) . Secondary assessment is an rating of the controllability of the state of affairs and get bying schemes ( A. Taylor Newton & A ; Daniel N. McIntosh, 2010 ) . When an single evaluates a state of affairs as an chance as personal growing and able to place the header schemes to pull off the demands, the emphasis is perceived as a term of challenge. Conversely, when an person evaluates the state of affairs as a failure and unable to place the header schemes, the emphasis is perceived as a term of menace ( Sophie T. , Jennifer A. R. , and J. Nicole Shelton, 2009 ) . Second construct is get bying. Coping can be defined as â€Å" the individual ‘s cognitive and behavioural attempts to pull off specific internal and/or external demands that are created by nerve-racking minutess † ( Lazarus, R.S. , Folkman, S. , 1984 ) . It has two signifiers which are problem-focused header that is aimed at cut downing the beginnings of emphasis ; and emotion-focused header that is aimed at cut downing emotional impact of the emphasis ( Lazarus, 2006 ) . Lazarus Theory was widely used in similar yesteryear researches such as DeFrank ( 2012 ) , Hartney ( 2007 ) , and Christopher J. McCarthy, Richard G. Lambert, Elizabeth W. Crowe and Colleen J McCarthy ( 2010 ) . All these researches are more focal point on placing the stressor on school instructors. Besides, this theory has been used to look into the stress degree among Shanghai university pupils ( Chen, Wong, Ran & A ; Christie Gilson, 2009 ) . Furthemore, this theory besides has been used to look into the relationship between emphasis and get bying schemes among runaway young persons ( Chun, 2010 ) . In this survey, the construct of cognitive assessment are used to place the determiners of emphasis among school instructor. Coping construct is excluded because it is more concerned on how to cut down the emphasis. Therefore, this construct may non allow to place the determiner of emphasis.2.2 Review of the Prior Empirical Surveies2.2.1 Teacher StressTeacher emphasis will do negative consequence to physical, mental or emotional such as angry, nervous, concerns, high blood force per unit area, frustrated and others ( Rawls-Stromile, 2010 ) . Hammond & A ; Onikama ( 1997 ) defines emphasis as emotional and physical strain caused by our response to force per unit area from external environment. Besides, emphasis caused negative impact in taking control of our life or feeling as we going a different individual which stated by. Forty of local schools in Hong Kong were indiscriminately selected to analyze whether instructors ‘ emphasis caused negative impact in mental wellness, emotional exhaustion, deficiency of personal achievement and depersonalisation. There were 269 out of 400 questionnaires were received which stated that degree of instructors ‘ emphasis contained really high values in school ( Tang, Au, Schwarzer, & A ; Schmitz, 2001 ) . Rawls-Stromile ( 2010 ) distributed questionnaires to look into the conducive emphasis factors between simple school instructors and in-between school instructors. Ithad clearly stated that most of instructors faced emphasis by same factors even though in different degree of instruction systems. Benmansour ( 1998 ) , Dunham & A ; Varma ( 1998 ) , Kyriacou ( 2001 ) , and Pithers & A ; Soden ( 1998 ) had confirmed that learning as a high emphasis business comparison with other professions. The consequences investigated and stated that the occupation of instructors is most force per unit area comparison with some other facets of the occupations ( Zurlo, Pes, & A ; Cooper, 2007 ) .2.2.2 WorkloadHarmonizing to Hargreaves ( 1992 ) , work load means the occupation range of instructors that are required to be done in the instruction country that instructors must execute multiple undertaking which causes in decreased clip for relaxation. Harmonizing to Marzano ( 2003 ) , there were 17 research surveies of instructors ‘ work loads investigated on about 20,000 instructors in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom through studies or interviews. It stated that instructors ‘ stress degree increased while instructors faced over workload inclusive insufficient of clip, non-teaching responsibilities, and occupation intensification. There were 484 study participants in English senior high school instructors with Likert graduated table inquiries which consequences stated that 88 % of them are sing their work load as moderate ( 38 % ) to reasonably heavy ( 25 % ) to heavy ( 25 % ) which caused instructors ‘ emphasis increased ( Sugden, 2010 ) . Besides, study conducted in New Zealand ‘s eight public universities had resulted that 86 % and 94 % severally in both twelvemonth 2002 and 2003 had worked after hours in the hebdomad. In add-ons, 34 % and 39 % stated they had worked more than 10 hours beyond full-time which reduced the relaxation and privateness clip of instructors that caused stress degree increased daily ( Houston, Meyer, & A ; Paewai, 2006 ) .2.2.3 Student behaviorStudent behavior agencies will impact contributes to the success of other pupils or a school ( Ueda & A ; Nojima, 2012 ) . Stebbins ( 1971 ) stated that pupil behavior is the major factor affected the effectivity of the instructor ‘s instruction program or a pupil ‘s ability to larn. The study carried out with 817 public and 240 private schools and norm of 25 eighth-grade pupils was selected from each school which for examined pupils behaviour. It resulted that pupil misbehavior will disrupt the instruction procedure which caused increased in instructor ‘s emphasis because instructors unable to pull off and command the category ( Finn, Fish, & A ; Scott, 2008 ) . There was study distributed to100 schoolroom instructors who worked in state-funded schools that child between 4 to 11 old ages old. The consequence clearly identified pupils ‘ misbehavior contained high per centums in school which increased instructors ‘ emphasis while covering student behavioral jobs ( Hastings & A ; Bham, 2003 ) . There were 215 out of 2000 of questionnaires collected from 86 schools among simple, lower secondary, incorporate elementary and lower secondary schools during twelvemonth 2008 and 2009 in Finland which conducted as an Internet study. It resulted that pupil behavior was the chief beginnings caused instructors ‘ emphasis while pull offing job of pupil behavior and besides resulted 67.4 % of instructors had been subjected to strong-arming by pupils ( Kauppi & A ; Porhola , 2012 ) .2.2.4 Professional acknowledgmentProfessional acknowledgment is related to the grasp and sense of credence get from their decision makers or others. Professional acknowledgment demand elements such as unequal wages, deficiency of support from decision maker, hapless calling construction and deficiency of acknowledgment for good instruction can take work emphasis to instructors. Segumpan and Bahari ( 2006 ) carried out a research to place the degree of emphasis experienced by respondents in footings of professional acknowledgment. A 5-point Likert graduated table questionnaires study was sent to 1209 secondary school instructors. It found out that instructors would confront moderate degree of emphasis when there is deficiency of professional acknowledgment. Caroline Ayoti and Moses Wesang'ula Poipoi ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether deficient wages would take emphasis to instructors. Descriptive study was used in their research where 496 instructors of public secondary school are selected. The information was analyzed and shown that 45 % of the respondents cited professional acknowledgment to be a stressor. Azizi, Shahrin, and Tee ( 2007 ) conducted a research to place the acknowledgment stressor that contributed to teacher emphasis and the instructor emphasis degree for acknowledgment factor. The present survey indicates that deficiency of acknowledgment for instructors ‘ work from decision maker. A questionnaire methodological analysis is used in the research where 20 proficient instructors are selected. They concluded that acknowledgment factor contributed a moderate emphasis among proficient instructors.2.2.5 Poor Classroom resourcesClassroom, computing machine, overhead projector and package are the indispensable resources for instructors to learn in category. Kyriacou ( 1998 ) found that deficiency of resource could take emphasis among instructors. Harmonizing to Siti ( 1991 ) , the deficiency of learning equipment and the larger figure of pupils in one schoolroom would take emphasis to instructors. Caroline Ayoti and Moses Wesang'ula Poipoi ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether deficient equipment, tools, or installations would take emphasis to instructors. Descriptive study was used where 496 instructors of public secondary school are selected. The information was analyzed and shown that 13 % of respondents attributed substandard installations to be a stressor. Substandard equipments are cited as it leads emphasis to instructors who are traveling to execute with deficient inputs. Antoniou, Polychroni, & A ; Walters ( 2000 ) carried out a research to place the beginning of emphasis. A questionnaire methodological analysis is used where 110 Greek Special Educational Needs instructors are selected. Analysis showed that the important deficiency of resources and equipment would take to chair emphasis. Another research done by Alay, S. and Kocak, S. ( 1999 ) on simple school in Ankara to find whether deficiency of educational equipment would make emphasis. A 5-point Likert graduated table study questionnaires was sent to 29 physical pedagogues. It concluded that deficiency of educational equipment would make a serious emphasis on physical pedagogues.2.2.6 Poor co-worker dealingssSelye ( 1974 ) suggested that â€Å" larning to populate with other people is one of the most nerve-racking facets of life. † ( cited from Manshor et al. , 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Sutherland and Cooper ( 1990, p.46 ) , hapless work dealingss are defined as low trust, low degrees of supportiveness and low involvement in listening to cover with job in the organisation. Figen Eres and Tatjana Atanasoska ( 2011 ) conducted a research to find whether hapless co-worker dealingss have contributed to the degree of emphasis among instructors. A 5-points Likert graduated table study questionnaire was distributed to 700 primary educational instructors employed in Prilep, Macedonia and Ankara, Turkey. There were 629 questionnaires are being collected and found that the emphasis of Turkish participants and Macedonian participants related to hapless co-worker dealingss was moderate degree. Azizi Hj. Yahaya, Nik Diana Hartika binti Nik Husain ( 2002 ) carried a information study which used to analyze the degree of emphasis degree based on interpersonal relationship facet. Questionnaires were sent to 400 secondary school instructors from Melaka, Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor. It resulted that there were 73 % of respondent laid at medium emphasis degree and 27 % of respondent prevarications at high emphasis degree on interpersonal relationship facet. Another research done by Azizi, Shahrin, and Tee ( 2007 ) was to place degree of emphasis due to hapless interpersonal relationship. A 5-points Likert graduated table study questionnaire was distributed to 20 proficient instructors. They besides concluded that interpersonal relationship would take moderate degree of emphasis to instructors.2.3 Theoretical ModelTeachers ‘ Workload Poor Colleague Relations Poor Classroom Resources Student Behaviour Professional Recognition Stress Figure 1: Teachers stress theoretical account ( Beginning: Adapted from Boyle, J.G. , Borg, M.G. , Falzon, J. M. , & A ; Baglioni, A. J. , 1995 )2.4 HypothesissHypothesissIn order to reply the research inquiries, the undermentioned hypotheses were formulated. H1: There is a positive relationship between work load and instructors stress H2: There is a positive relationship between pupil behavior and instructors stress H3: There is a positive relationship between professional acknowledgment and instructors stress H4: There is a positive relationship between hapless schoolroom resources and instructors stress H5: There is a positive relationship between hapless co-worker dealingss and instructors stressChapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Research DesignThis survey is quantitative research since this research is the application of informations aggregation method and statistical analysis that the informations are presented in numerical signifier ( Peter Ashley & A ; Bill Boyd, 2006 ) . The intent of this survey is to place the determiners of emphasis among school instructors, therefore it can be classified as descriptive survey. Harmonizing to Martin Terre Blanche et Al. ( 2008 ) , descriptive survey allows research workers to depict the features of relevant group and analyze the interrelatedness between independent variables and dependent variable. In this survey, a study will be used as it can obtain information from and about people. It can be a fast and cheap attack to roll up a big sum of informations from population ( Arlene, 2003 ) . Besides, this survey will be a cross-sectional survey, which is an observation of a phemomena that are made at one point in clip ( Denise F. Polit, Cheryl T. Beck, 2007 ) . Cross-sectional survey is chosen to depict whether emphasis factors are correlated with instructors ‘ emphasis. Furthermore, informations aggregation method used in this survey is self-administered questionnaires which consist of inquiries that single respondents completed by themselves and will be distributed to primary and secondary school instructors. This method is used because it is convenient for respondents to finish the study at a clip and topographic point ( Bernard, 2011 ) . Furthermore, bringing and aggregation questionnaires are more suited to utilize in this survey, since the questionnaires will be delivered to each respondent by manus and collected back subsequently after completion ( David, 2009 ) .3.2 Population and Sampling Procedures3.2.1 PopulationThe population of this survey is school instructors in Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor. These three provinces have been classified as nerve-racking country among school instructors because they have to pass 74 hours per hebdomad to execute their occupations, including course of study activities ( Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad, Zailina Has him, Saidi Moin, Haslinda Abdullah, 2010 ) .3.2.2 Sampling TechniquesDue to a immense sum of school instructors in Kuala Lumpur, Perak, and Johor, it is impossible to entree the population of those school instructors. Therefore, trying is the lone option ( Black, 2007 ) . Besides, the clip, cost, and attempt of roll uping informations from a sample are normally less than roll uping informations from a big sum of population ( Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, 2009 ) . Therefore, primary and secondary school instructors in these three provinces are chosen as sample. Non-probability sampling will be applied in this survey. Non-probability sampling is the sampling technique that the chance of choice of each sampling is unknown. This technique is utile and convenient for the research without trying frame ( Miller P.G. , Strang J. , Miller P. M. , 2010 ) . Furthermore, convenience sampling will be used in this survey because the mark respondents are easy to acquire and they are willing to make full up the study questionnaire. Convenience trying involves choosing samples that are handily available to take part in the survey ( Zikmund, W. G. & A ; Babin B. J. , 2009 ) .3.2.3 Sampling ProceduresIn this survey, 240 study questionnaires will be distributed to primary and secondary school instructors. Harmonizing to Hair, Black, Anderson, and Tatham ( 2006 ) , an acceptable sample size should hold a 1:10 ratio. There have 24 points to be measured in this survey, therefore 240 study questionnaires will be plenty. In add-on, 20 study questionnaires will be distributed for pilot trial to look into apprehension of questionnaire significances ( Norman M. Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, Brian Wansink, 2004 ) .3.3 Data Collection MethodPrimary informations aggregation method will be adopted in this research. Primary informations refer to the information obtained firsthand on the variables of involvement for the intent of survey. Besides, the informations aggregation instrument used a self-administered questionnaire. A five-point Likert graduated table is used in this research. A sum of 240 questionnaires study will be distributed to teacher at the targeted primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The questionnaires will personally present to respondents by visit every targeted school and roll up back after completion. Each targeted provinces will choose 2 primary and 2 secondary schools. 220 figure of study response would be collected from the targeted respondents.3.4 Variables and MeasurementStress can be defined as the consequence of the emp loyee ‘s tenseness due to the force per unit area to carry through the occupation assignments and respond to the deadlines ( Anwar Faiz, 2011 ) . Workload is defined as the demand that one must make more of hard undertaking so the clip allows. The undertaking can be categorized into quantitative work load and qualitative work load ( SitiHajar, 2010 ) . Student behaviour is the status where people behave severely, holding bad manners or even decline to co-operate with the instructor such by doing noise during category or even when covering with pupils those who are holding disciplinary jobs ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . While professional acknowledgment is the professional demands such as equal wage or income, demands for professional position, needs to be involved in the determination devising and the demand for support from the top direction or even disposal ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . On the other manus, hapless schoolroom resource can be defined as the restraints in the educational installations such as book, computing machine or the resource room used by the instructors or pupils to supply information ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . Poor co-worker relation is defined as the hapless interaction between two people on one to one footing or in a little group ‘s communicating ( Siti Hajar, 2010 ) . Appendix B shows the variables and measurings of this survey. Items in this survey were adapted from past surveies conducted by Anwar Faiz ( 2011 ) and SitiHajar ( 2010 ) . Each of the inquiries of independent variables and dependent variable in the questionnaire requires the respondents to reply how strongly they agreed or differ with the statement by utilizing the five-point Likert graduated table, whereby 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree.3.5 Data Analysis Method3.5.1 Statistical Analysis System ( SAS )Statistical Analysis System ( SAS ) enables to execute statistical and mathematical analysis such as analyze the information which collected from questionnaires will bring forth in standard divergence, frequences and discrepancies. In utilizing SAS, consequences can be transporting out by frequences, multiple additive arrested development analysis, Pearson ‘s correlativity and others which determined the relationship between dependent variables and independent varia bles. The grounds choose SAS is because it is convenience and clip salvaging when treating informations. Besides, the information generated by SAS will presented in the signifier of tabular array or chart to supply users easy to understand.3.5.2 Descriptive StatisticssDescriptive statistics transform natural informations into describe signifier of information that make users easy to understand and construe the population ( Zikmund, W.G. , 2003 ) . Descriptive statistics included the maps such as frequence distributions, steps of mean, average and manner, graphs design like pie charts and saloon charts and others.3.5.3 Inferential statisticsInferential statistics is usage for observations and analyzes in doing premises or anticipations about a population and generalise to larger population that the sample represented ( Sherri, 2011 ) . Trials of significance are needed to be transporting out to look into the issue and truth of generalisation such as Chi-square or t-test. Inferential statistic determined the relationship between the variables selected in the population studied.3.5.3.1 Pearson ‘s Correlation AnalysisThe Pearson ‘s correlativity analysis is being applied to look into way and strength of the relationship between two variables which the correlativity between dependent variables and one independent variable ( Deborah, 2007 ) . It besides helps to look into the degree of correlativity between dependent variable and independent variables individually. There have two premises to be carry throughing which are the variables are needed to be usually distributed and the tonss on variables for one instance are independent of tonss on the variables for other instances.3.5.3.2 Multiple Linear Regression AnalysisMultiple additive arrested development analysis is able to entree the relationship between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables ( Black, 2007 ) . Besides, it enables to find whether there is important relationship betwe en dependant variable which is instructor ‘s emphasis and the independent variables which included work load, pupil behaviour, professional acknowledgment, hapless schoolroom resources and hapless co-worker dealingss. The multiple additive arrested development analysis for this research: Stress = a + b1TW + b2SB + b3PR + b4PCR + b5PCoR Where, TW = Teachers ‘ Workload SB = Students Behaviour PR = Professional Recognition PCR = Poor Classroom Resources PCoR = Poor Colleague Relation

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay

Macbeth is a play that examines human nature. During the play there is a significant amount of emphasis on the different attributes and sides of human nature. The play demonstrates that everyone has the ability to do good or evil by what choices they make and what the ramifications of these actions are, decisions are made that affect the outcome of a person’s future. Macbeth is a prime example of the human nature in its very worst form. Throughout the play, Macbeth experience somewhat of a fall from grace. Macbeth’s greed and poor decision making caused him to lose everything he had worked so hard for. He became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to gain what he believed was rightly his. He went from somebody who was a strong courageous and well respected man who was an honourable warrior for Scotland. To someone who was so blinded by his hunger for power it drove him to incredible lengths such as killing his own cousin and best friend, to receive what was promised him by the witches. Macbeth’s disloyalty is a huge flaw in his character and part of his human nature. He murdered his long-time friend and king, Duncan. He had no remorse for his actions, he was only concerned for his own safety that he wouldn’t get caught. â€Å"The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. † (act 2, scene 1) Shakespeare uses the character of Macbeth to demonstrate to his audience that the decisions we make and the actions we take can easily be affected by simple aspects of human nature such as greed, this hunger for power that some people seem to possess and that we can so easily be manipulated by others to do wrong. Lady Macbeth is very manipulative towards her husband, by questioning his manhood, emotionally blackmailing him she brings out his pride to do as she desires. â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. † (act 1, scene 7) She plays on the weakest parts of Macbeth’s character to manipulate him. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. † (act 1, scene 7) This shows that Macbeth was set to not kill Duncan but Lady Macbeth manipulated him to change this mindset. So if were not for Lady Macbeth’s toying and manipulation of Macbeth he would still be the honourable man he once was. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare uses his main Characters, particularly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to show the very worst of human nature and tried to show his audience and anyone to read the play in the years to come that our choices and actions can be easily influenced by others and that everything we do, particularly bad things have serious ramifications, in Macbeths case, The total destruction of himself, his wife and his country.

Levels of Processing and Memory essays

Levels of Processing and Memory essays Craik and Lockhart (1972) developed a theory in which they discussed the levels of processing. The theory states, the more a word is processed, due to its meaning, the better the word is retained. In our experiment we presented subjects with a yes or no question pertaining to the meaning of a word or the appearance of a word and then measured their reaction time. Subjects were then asked to recall as many words that they could remember, results showed that there was a significant difference in reaction times and the number of words that were recalled. According to Dewey Rundus (1971) the more an item is rehearsed, the higher the probability the item will be remembered. Herman Ebbinghaus (1885) concluded that in order to remember and learn items we must repeat them. He developed the nonsense syllable, which is a word that is composed of two consonants with a vowel in between. A nonsense syllable could not be a real word (would not be found in the dictionary). Ebbinghaus wanted to minimize the effects of association that have already been made with words that we are familiar with. Using nonsense syllables he determined that frequency of appearance is directly correlated with the amount one recalls (Lundin 1996). The rehearsal theory states that recall should mimic reaction time in our experiment. The longer a word is kept in mind, the better it will be recalled. Repetition plays an important role in the processes of memory but it is not the only factor that affects how much one can recall. Craik and Watkins (1973) disputed that repetition improves memory. They performed an experiment to determine that repetition didnt improve memory but that the speed which the words were presented. Subjects were read a list of words, but before they heard the words they were given a critical letter and were asked to remember the last word from the list that began with that particular letter. Subjects thought that they could ign...

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae The wolf spiders (family Lycosidae) are difficult to spot and even tougher to catch. Most lycosids live on the ground, where they use keen eyesight and quick speed to capture prey. Lycosa means wolf in Greek and wolf spiders are one of the largest spider families. Its very likely that you will come across wolf spiders a few times in your life. They live in a variety of habitats throughout the world and are prevalent in North America.  A wolf spider bite can be quite painful, but it is not necessarily dangerous, though you should see a doctor anyway. What Do Wolf Spiders Look Like? Wolf spiders vary greatly in size. The smallest may measure only 3 millimeters in body length, while most lycosids are larger, reaching up to 30 millimeters. Many species live in burrows in the ground, and most are nocturnal. Most lycosids are brown, gray, black, pale orange, or cream. They often have stripes or speckles. The head region of the cephalothorax usually narrows. The legs, particularly the first two pairs, may be spiny to help the spiders hold their prey. Spiders in the family Lycosidae can be identified by their eye arrangement. Wolf spiders have eight eyes, arranged in three rows. Four small eyes make up the lower row. In the center row, the wolf spider has two large, forward-facing eyes. The remaining two eyes in the upper row vary in size, but these face the sides of the head. Classification of Wolf Spiders Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily - Lycosidae What Do Wolf Spiders Eat? Lycosids are solitary spiders and feed primarily on insects. Some larger wolf spiders may also prey on small vertebrates. Rather than build webs to trap prey, wolf spiders hunt them down at night. They move very fast and are known to climb or swim while hunting, despite being ground dwellers. The Wolf Spider Life Cycle While males rarely live beyond one year, female wolf spiders may live for several. Once she has mated, the female will lay a clutch of eggs and wrap them in a round, silk ball. She attaches the egg case to the underside of her abdomen, using her spinnerets to hold it in place. Burrowing wolf spiders place their egg sacs in the tunnel by night, but bring them to the surface for warmth during the day.   When the spiderlings hatch, they climb onto the mothers back until they have grown enough to venture out on their own. These mothering behaviors are characteristic of and unique to the  life cycle of wolf spiders. Special Behaviors of Wolf Spiders Wolf spiders have keen senses, which they use to hunt, find mates, and protect themselves from predators. They can see quite well  and are highly sensitive to vibrations which alert them to movements of other organisms. Wolf spiders rely on camouflage to hide them in the leaf litter where they roam. Lycosids do use venom to subdue their prey. Some wolf spiders will flip onto their backs, using all eight legs like a basket to hold an insect catch. They will then bite the prey with sharp fangs to render it immobile. Are Wolf Spiders Dangerous? Wolf spiders are known to bite humans when they feel threatened. While the venom is poisonous, it is not deadly. The bite will hurt quite a bit and some people may have an allergic reaction. Its recommended that you always seek medical treatment after a bite. Where Are Wolf Spiders Found? Wolf spiders live nearly worldwide, just about any place where they can find insects for food. Lycosids are common in fields and meadows, but also inhabit mountains, deserts, rainforests, and wetlands. Arachnologists have described over 2,300 species. There are about 200 kinds of wolf spiders living in North America.

Analysis of tables and recomendstion _graphs_ mean _varaince _ST Essay

Analysis of tables and recomendstion _graphs_ mean _varaince _ST - Essay Example report, therefore, recommends that the municipality should focus its resources on the lands and housing sector, free toll and helpdesk channels and its improving trend. Al Ain municipality is a local authority in Al Ain city whose roles includes provision of public utility services to the city’s community through its call centre. Application of descriptive statistics is therefore essential in understanding the municipality’s operations (Abu Dhabi 1; Mimmack, Manas and Meyer, 3-27). The descriptive statistics for reported cases, by channel, identifies an increment in report from a mean of 282.75 of the first half of the year to a mean of 332.43 in the second half, an indication of increased activity in the call center in the second period. The trend is associated with increase in standard deviation. The sector analysis, on the other hand, shows that most of the reported cases in the year 2011 were complaints with inquiries forming the least of reported cases. The pie chart for the number of cases reported between January and July identifies free toll and helpdesk as the majorly used channels. The same trend is observed in the second half of the year. Distribution of cases by sector, on the other hand, identifies housing and lands with the highest number of cases with information cases forming the highest correspondents. The charts for distribution of cases by sectors per month also identify information as the major contributor to the municipal reported cases. While the average response duration decreases with time, the average number of assigned cases increases with time across the year 2011. Analysis of the data shows that the municipal is effective in pursuing its role that includes provision of support to development initiatives. Lands, and housing sector, free toll, and help desk channels are the most active sections. The descriptive statistics also shows higher reported cases in the second half of the year than in the first half. The charts further

Science and Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science and Church - Essay Example He confronted authority and tradition by putting these theories before those of religion. Aristotlianism was the frame of the Christian Science and so rejecting Aristotle means rejecting Christianity. Because of this Rome rejected Galileo's theories and sentenced him to life imprisonment according to several reasons. About these several reasons like authorities, arguments from common sense, dubitability of telescope, the political consequences of this age and these reasons' unreality and illogicality will be argued in this essay. The end of the 16th and the 17th centuries were featured by the scientific revolution greatly brought about by Galileo Galilei. He supported Democritos's theories in opposition to those of Aristotle who had argued that everything that existed in nature has a purpose. Democrito maintained that the universe and its organisms are formed by atoms in a continuous and arbitrary movement. His philosophy was thus founded on observation and not on finalism as was that of Aristotle: on how, not on why. This was in direct collision with the church which ideally supported the Aristotle's philosophy. Galileo asserted that he had managed to show the theory of Coperni... He also had the insight of not only using the telescope to see the planets, but also to use lenses to examine the tinny things of this world, and told his students to do so. This in essence brought about political consequences where by the inquisition threatened him with torture, forced him to recant, and subjected him to life imprisonment in 1633. The charge was "suspicion of heresy" and was after the church had taken the position that if a Biblical interpretation was found to be in conflict with scientific fact, the Bible was to be interpreted metaphorically. Bible teachings caused the church to oppose Galileo's proof that the earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun. Galileo argued that the sun was the centre of the universe which totally differed with common sense as well as the scripture. From common sense perspective, there are only three dimensions in space. All matter in the universe evolves in time, just as explained by Newton. Hence, we can say that the universe is mathematically flat which Galileo proved otherwise. Conclusion The disagreement has been presented tremendously in Galileo's favor. To this date, he is seen as the champion of enlightenment against the blind despotic power of the church. Galileo's "mistake," according to this fascinating study, was not one of science or mathematics, philosophy or religion, but one of diplomacy. Works cited Notes provided by the tutor, a paper by Peter E. Hudgson "Galileo the scientist"

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on breastfeeding Essay

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on breastfeeding - Essay Example Unlike Iran that promotes breast milk substitutes, the Australian government encourages infant milk formula, baby foods, baby juices, bottles, and teats. In addition, the government of Australia does not subsidize the antenatal care classes of mothers. Thus, while Iranian mothers get their antenatal care classes for free, those in Australia have to pay at least $12.50 per class. Moreover, the Australian government do not have legislation that mandates providing paid maternity leave for breastfeeding mothers. In addition, Iran strictly follows the suggestions of the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the optimization of breastfeeding practices in the hospital. This may have resulted from the training the Iranian health care professionals (HCPs) undergo in the area of lactation. Such training is neglected in Australia, and only a few Australian HCPs undergo sufficient training on lactation and breastfeeding. As such, vital steps for breastfeeding like the routine initiation of s kin-to-skin contact by rooming in of the baby, and no food or drink other than breast milk are not efficiently passed through from experts to mothers. Upon release from the hospital, Iranian HCPs visit mothers newly released from the hospital at regular intervals post partum.

Micro And Macro Environmental Factors Marketing Essay

Micro And Macro Environmental Factors Marketing Essay Marketing has often been defined in terms of satisfying customers needs and wants. Critics however maintain that marketing goes beyond that and creates needs and wants that did not exist before, According to these critics, marketers encourage consumers to spend more money than they should on goods and services they really do not need. Aim To prepare a report for the Management of Aldi supermarket on its marketing policy and to propose a new position for its fresh fruits and vegetables. In relation to the above scenario. Terms of reference. To prepare this report the author r has considered the various marketing process, evaluated the benefits and cost of marketing orientation, evaluated the macro and micro factors that influence marketing decision masking he author has also considered different market segmentation for different products of .Aldi. The author considered market targeting strategy for the organisation fresh fruits and vegetables . and evaluated buying behaviour of people for the range these products. The author has and recommended a new market position for this product. Introduction The first foundation stone was laid in 1913 with the opening of a small food store in the German town of Essen. During the 40s, an expansion program was created and more ALDI stores were opened. In 1954, a celebration was held for the opening of the 50th store in Germany. By 1960 ALDI had grown to a network of over 300 stores between the Ruhr Valley and Aachen. The prosperous family business was then divided into two independent companies: ALDI SÃ ¼d to service the South, and ALDI Nord for the North. Self-service was still a relatively new retail structure in the 60s and ALDI became the first company in Germany to adopt this new retail concept. While customers were still able to take advantage of the same high quality products as before, they could now purchase them at much more competitive prices. In 1983, ALDI SÃ ¼d started chilled distribution depots and sold fresh products such as cheese, yoghurt and sausages. Frozen products came in 1998 and were closely followed by fresh meat. ALDI, to this day, continues to keep up with the ever-evolving taste of the modern consumer. Today, Aldi 7,000 stores and serves millions of people across three continents. (Aldi.com.au) 4. Marketing process MARKETING PROCESS The marketing process is the process of analyzing market opportunities, selecting target markets, developing the marketing mix, and managing the marketing effort. Target customers stand at the center of the marketing process. There are following steps in Marketing Process: A. Analyzing marketing opportunities B. Selecting target markets C. Developing the marketing Mix D. Managing the marketing effort A . Analysing marketing opportunities This involves carrying out market research to find out the opportunities, the threat and the organisation strength and weakness. Hence the need for a reliable market research approach. With market research the organisation will find out about market constrains, it will find out it competitors about demand for the product it will also be able to profile the age group, of likely consumers of the firms product.the company finds about legislation and other environmental factors that re likely to affect the profitability of the company. With useful information rom the market research the organisation will know customers requirement and able to plan for it. B. Selecting the target Market Todays market is very competitive and to be a viable organisation the organisation as to be customer focused. It is import to analyse and profile consumer. Each company has to segment the market and concentrate on the market where it believe it has the edge over others (Target Market). C. Market segmentation This is dividing the market into separate groups by consumers and their needs traits, behaviour. Target marketing is the evaluation of each market segment and selecting one or more segment where the company can generate more customer value and sustain it over a period of time. D. Market positioning The company need to identify how its products be placed in a distinctive and desirable position to other competing products in the. To define a market position the organisation has to identify possible competitive advantage. The company will need to develop a marketing strategy that will support the market positioning of the product. This will provide consumer with more than those offered by competitors. c. Developing the Marketing Mix Having develop its market positioning and competitive strategy the it will have to decide what its marketing mix will consist of The marketing mix is the set of controllable marketing variables that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. These variables are often referred to as the four Ps. . Product, Place, Promotion and price. d. Managing the Marketing Effort To manage the marketing the firm will need to carry out four marketing functions of analysing, planning, implementation, and control Marketing orientation Marketing Orientation is defined as as a corporate state of mind that insists on the integration and coordination of all the marketing functions which, in turn, are melded with all other corporate functions, for the basic purpose of producing maximum long-range corporate profits. (business.highbeam.com) The characteristics of market orientation are inter-functional coordination,customer orientation, understanding customers and organisational culture. . . The benefits and cost of marketing orientation Benefits of marketing orientation Growth in profitability Improved corporate image High customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention Increase sales and market share Enhanced competitive advantage Cost of marketing orientation Technology requirement for customer contact and improved ways of doing business Complex customer growing needs and power Increasing customer expectations Staff training and development needs Increase resource demand to providing customer specific marketing ukessays.co/essays/marketing/marketing-report-of-tesco.phpg 6 . Micro and Macro environmental factors that affect marketing 6.1 Micro Environmental factors These are factors within the control of the organisation and their implied actions can affect the organisation. There are six main factors that can be classified as micro environmental factors Marketing channel: This includes the distribution channel, the outlets, sales representatives and market research companies. The consumer, producer,reseller, government, and international markets. Organisations internal environment these includes management, Employees and Directors and franchisee. The competitors Publics: These are group of people or body that have interest in the organisation that have an actual or potential interest in or impact on the organizations ability to achieve its objectives:financial, media, government, citizen action, and local, general, Financial intermediaries: This includes the external auditors, the banks and credit rating agencies. Whatever actions taking by the people will be as a result of the organisation activities and practice. Hence the conclusion that the organisation invariably has control over them.. Macro Environmental Factors This are external factors outside the control of the organisation and ability to envisage them allows the company to be prepared and adopt strategies to overcome them. Demographic Environment This is to do with the population of a particular location and the following understated factors are are likely to affect its outcome which invariably will affect the planing of of the organisation Population Growth Where there is a population explosion or high population the organisation is likely to do well and increase profitability through increased sales. Also migration will have an equal effect Population Mix The population mix will have effect on the types of goods that will be demanded for example in China there will be more pensioners and old age in the next few years and the working population may not be able to sustain the pensioners. Furthermore the demand for adult drapers in such market will increase whilst that of children will greatly reduce. Household pattern The household consumption pattern will also change where there are no babies in the house the parents will not buy baby food or medication. Geographical Shift The emigration or immigration will affect the population of a location and management needs to take this into account when deciding and planing the marketing strategy for example there is migration to the UK and emigration fn Republic of Ireland and this will affect consumption pattern . Economic Environment The economy of a country or the economic prospect will affect the consumption pattern in that country for example the Euro zone are going through and economic depression. Each family are concerned about how they spend their dis[posable income. The same applies in UK and it reflects on peoples shopping habit less people go to shop in Waitrose and more people are turning to Aldi. Social cultural Environment This will equally affect the decision of management for example it will impossible to sell non halal food in a predominantly Islamic country and also with we not make economic decision not to sell alcohol in the Republic of Ireland. Natural Environment Where there resources like raw materials and reduced labour cost it will make economic sense to locate there also where is natural disaster the firm can plan suitable good s for that region. Technology Environment The advent of I pads, smart phones. online shopping has changed shopping habits and also advertising patterns significantly the next generation of technology is on its way. Corporations to be conversant with changing technology so as plan ahead. Political and Legal Environment Governments continue to change all over the world, different governments come up with different policies and laws. Some may be to the advantage of the company some may be threat and some may be opportunities. In conclusion The micro and macro factors are used for SWOT analysis in analysis in an organisation. Buying Behaviour Stages of the Consumer Buying Process Problem or need recognition Information search Evaluation options Purchase Decision Post Purchase Positioning of fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Aldi .Product positioning is the ability of a firm to come with unique product and customer perception of brilliance and likable product. Product s positioning are based class attitudes, benefits,quality and are target at a particular people known as the market segment..( Berry T.and Wilson D , 2000) The target market for fresh fruits and vegetables in Aldi should be children to reduce obesity in the country, to increase healthy awareness and promote healthy eating. Conclusion Marketers go out of their way to find and develop a Niche market and product and tto look for ways on enticing consumers and be a profitable organisation to this end they carry out market research. analyse the market and come up a with valuable product that will be demanded. The also create awareness through different campaign strategy, they spend considerable amount of money to ensure the product is attractive,the packing is attractive and they promote the usefulness of the product Recommendation .Product positioning involves creating a unique, consistent, and recognized customer perception about a firms offering and image. A product or service may be positioned on the basis of an attitude or benefit, use or application, user, class, price, or level of quality. It targets a product for specific market segments and product needs at specific prices. Referencing http://www.aldi.com.au/au/html/company/3777.htm http://www.zainbooks.com/books/marketing/principles-of-marketing_10_marketing-process.html http://business.highbeam.com/138375/article-1G1-8366780/market-orientation-construct-research-propositions http://www.ukessays.co/essays/marketing/marketing-report-of-tesco.php#ixzz2NAfKDrTg ON TARGET: THE BOOK ONMARKETING PLANS How to develop and implement a successful marketing plan. By:Tim Berry and Doug Wilson Palo Alto Software, Inc., First Edition, October, 2000